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Nemesis (1839)
''Nemesis'' was the first British ocean-going iron warship. Launched in 1839 she was used to great effect in the First Opium War under Captain William Hutcheon Hall. The Chinese referred to her as the "devil ship".〔
== Construction ==
Although commissioned by the Secret Committee of the East India Company (EIC) in 1839, the vessel did not appear in the EIC's list of ships, leading ''The Times'' to comment: ''"...this vessel is provided with an Admiralty letter of license or letter of marque. If so, it can only be against the Chinese; and for the purpose of smuggling opium she is admirably adapted."''〔''The Times'', 30March 1840〕
''Nemesis'' was built by British shipbuilding company Birkenhead Iron Works in three months.〔Hall, William Hutcheon; Bernard, William Dallas (1845). ''Narrative of the Voyages and Services of the Nemesis from 1840 to 1843'' (2nd ed.). Henry Colburn. p. 3.〕 She had a length of , a beam of , a draught of , and a burthen of 660 tons.〔〔 She was powered by two sixty horsepower Forrester engines.〔Headrick, Daniel R. (1981). ''The Tools of Empire: Technology and European Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century''. Oxford University Press, New York. p. 47. ISBN 0-19-502832-5.〕 She was armed with two pivot-mounted 32-pounder and four 6-pounder guns, and a rocket launcher. The steam- and sail-powered ship was particularly effective in China because her shallow draught allowed her to travel into rivers to pursue and engage other vessels and targets.
Her watertight bulkheads were the first to be used in a warship. They enabled her to survive the hull damage she sustained during sea trials and en route to China in 1840.〔Headrick 1981, pp. 48–49〕 That year, ''Nemesis'' became the first iron ship to sail around the Cape of Good Hope, aided by techniques developed the year before by Sir George Airy, the Astronomer Royal, to adjust a compass for the effect of an iron hull. The adjustments weren't done very well with the result that the ship's compass performed poorly throughout its career.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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